Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood issues. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way the brain processes pain signals. Symptoms sometimes begin after a physical trauma, surgery, infection, or significant psychological stress. In other cases, symptoms gradually accumulate over time with no single triggering event. Women are more likely to develop fibromyalgia than are men. Many people who have fibromyalgia also have tension headaches, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety, and depression. While there is no cure for fibromyalgia, a variety of medications can help control symptoms. Exercise, relaxation, and stress-reduction measures also may help. The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, but it is thought to be related to genetic predisposition, infections, physical or emotional trauma, and abnormalities in pain perception. Diagnosis is typically based on a history of chronic widespread pain and the presence of specific tender points upon physical examination, as no definitive laboratory test for fibromyalgia exists. Treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach combining medication, physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and lifestyle changes aimed at stress reduction and improving sleep quality.